Legal Protection for Victims of Sexual Violence in the Perspective of Indonesian Criminal Law
Keywords:
Sexual violence, legal protection, criminal law, victims, restorative justice, rehabilitation, regulation implementationAbstract
Sexual violence is a form of serious crime that involves serious impacts on victims, both physically and psychologically. In Indonesian criminal law, legal protection for victims of sexual violence has been regulated through various regulations, including the Child Protection Law and the Draft Law on the Elimination of Sexual Violence. However, the implementation of the law in the field still faces many challenges, such as the lack of sensitivity of law enforcement officials, weak protection of witnesses and victims, and lack of access to justice. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the existing legal framework in providing protection to victims of sexual violence. Through a normative juridical approach based on a literature study, this research reviews applicable regulations, implementation constraints, and best practices from various countries. The results show that despite progress in legislation, the implementation of legal protection for victims of sexual violence in Indonesia still requires significant improvement. This study suggests the importance of strengthening the training of law enforcement officers, improving access to rehabilitation services, and adopting restorative approaches to ensure justice for victims. Thus, the legal system can be more responsive in dealing with this crime.
References
Brownmiller, S. (1975). Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Burgess, A. W., Hartman, C. R., McCausland, M. P. (1984). Child Pornography and Sex Rings. Lexington: Lexington Books.
Buchwald, E., Fletcher, P. R., & Roth, M. (1993). Transforming a Rape Culture. Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions.
Chandra, T. (2019). Non-Litigation Process Land Dispute Settlement for Legal Certainty. Substantive Justice International Journal of Law, 2(2), 177-194.
Darmawan, D. et al. (2021). Psychological Perspective in Society 5.0, Zahir Publishing, Jogjakarta
Harahap, I. S. (2016). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Kejahatan Seksual dalam Perspektif Hukum Progresif. Jurnal Media Hukum, 23(1), 38-47.
Herman, J. L. (1997). Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence--from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. New York: Basic Books.
Issalillah, F. (2021). Pandemic Covid 19, Social Psychology, and Pregnancy: Relatedness and Analysis, Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(1), 1-10.
Kamilah, A., & Aridhayandi, R. (2015). Kajian Terhadap Penyelesaian Sengketa Pembagian Harta Warisan Atas Tanah Akibat Tidak Dilaksanakannya Wasiat oleh Ahli Waris. Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika, 32(1), 22-37.
Kelly, L. (1988). Surviving Sexual Violence. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Koss, M. P., Heise, L., & Russo, N. F. (1994). The Global Health Burden of Rape. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Lestari, S. (2022). Analisis Hukuman Mati Sebagai Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Berdasarkan Perspektif Efektivitas Hukum. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling, 4(31), 1349–1358.
Marcus, S. (1992). Fighting Bodies, Fighting Words: A Theory and Politics of Rape Prevention. New York: Routledge.
MacKinnon, C. A. (1989). Toward a Feminist Theory of the State. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Rizqian, I. (2021). Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Sebagai Korban Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Dikaji Menurut Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Jurnal Justiciabellem, 1(1), 51-61.
Russell, D. E. H., & Bolen, R. M. (2000). The Epidemic of Rape and Child Sexual Abuse in the United States. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Sanday, P. R. (2007). Fraternity Gang Rape: Sex, Brotherhood, and Privilege on Campus. New York: New York University Press.
Sibarani, S. (2019). Pelecehan Seksual Dalam Sudut Pandang Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 Tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Sol Justisio: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum, 1(1), 98-108.
Suryandi, D., Hutabarat, N., & Pamungkas, H. (2020). Penerapan Sanksi Pidana terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual terhadap Anak. Jurnal Darma Agung, 28(1), 84-91.
Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Justice.
Walker, L. E., & Brodsky, A. M. (1979). Sexual Assault: The Victims, the Perpetrators, and the Criminal Justice System. Lexington: Lexington Books.
Weisberg, D. K., & Kelly Weisberg (2008). Domestic Violence: Legal and Social Reality. New York: Aspen Publishers.
Westmarland, N., & Gangoli, G. (2011). International Approaches to Rape. Bristol: Policy Press.
Wilson, J. Q., & Herrnstein, R. J. (1985). Crime and Human Nature. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Yulia, R. (2018). Restorative Justice Sebagai Alternatif Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Kekerasan Seksual. Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan, 48(2), 305-320.
Yllo, K. A., & Bograd, M. (1988). Feminist Perspectives on Wife Abuse. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Zorza, J. (1992). Women Battering: High Costs and the State of the Law. Washington, D.C.: National Center on Women and Family Law.
Brownmiller, S. (1975). Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Burgess, A. W., Hartman, C. R., McCausland, M. P. (1984). Child Pornography and Sex Rings. Lexington: Lexington Books.
