Technological Embodiment and the Fragmentation of Social Identity in the Era of Human Enhancement

Authors

  • Sirojuddin Abror Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya
  • Rafadi Khan Khayru Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya
  • Uswatun Chasanah Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya
  • Fayola Issalillah Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya

Keywords:

Biohacking, post-humanism, social identity, class structure, technological embodiment, sociological transformation, human enhancement

Abstract

This study explores how biohacking technologies, particularly those involving cognitive augmentation and bodily modification, reshape social identity and class structures through a post-humanist sociological perspective. By employing a literature-based approach, the research analyzes how technological interventions alter the construction of the self, redefine social hierarchies, and fragment traditional identity categories. The analysis reveals that biohacking introduces new symbolic economies wherein enhanced bodies become markers of social privilege. Access to enhancement tools remains uneven, further embedding socio-economic disparities. Technologically modified individuals often experience elevated status, while those without access face exclusion from evolving social norms. The concept of identity is transformed into a dynamic construct shaped by technological capability, leading to the emergence of techno-subjectivities. These shifts challenge the integrity of communal experiences and disrupt the formation of collective solidarity. The findings suggest that biohacking, while presented as a personal or liberatory choice, contributes to the reproduction of structural inequality when left unregulated. The study underscores the importance of critical inquiry into how identity and class are continually reconfigured in light of technological advancement, offering a sociological contribution that moves beyond celebration toward deeper reflection.

References

Ahn, S. 2023. Humanism Contra Post-Humanism. Historical Materialism, 31(1), 63-92. https://doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-20232009

Arifin, S., & D. Darmawan. 2021. Technology Access and Digital Skills: Bridging the Gaps in Education and Employment Opportunities in the Age of Technology 4.0, Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(1), 163 – 168.

Aznar Lucea, J., & E. Burguete Miguel. 2020. From Australopithecus to Ciborgs. Are We Facing the End of Human Evolution?. Acta Bioethica, 26(2), 165-177.

Bakirov, V. 2021. Transformation of Sociology: Necessity and Perspectives. Ukrainian Sociological Journal, (26), 9-15.

Balsamo, A. 1996. Technologies of the Gendered Body: Reading Cyborg Women. Duke University Press, Durham, NC.

Barceló, M. & L. Lemkow. 2016. New Options and Identities: Body Enhancement in Science Fiction Narrative. Technoscience and Citizenship: Ethics and Governance in the Digital Society, 17(5), 63-79.

Barfield, W. & A. Williams. 2017. Cyborgs and Enhancement Technology. Philosophies, 2(1), 1-18.

Bednar, P. M., & C. Welch. 2020. Socio-Technical Perspectives on Smart Working: Creating Meaningful and Sustainable Systems. Information Systems Frontiers, 22(2), 281-298.

Blaikie, N. 2000. Designing Social Research. Polity Press, Cambridge.

Bologan, A. & J. H. Seo. 2017. What Is the Human? Imagining the Self as Post-Human. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition (pp. 450-452). Association for Computing Machinery, New York.

Bour, S. 2019. Transhumanisme: Entre Augmentation, Esthétique et Éthique. Philosophical Readings-Online Journal of Philosophy–ISSN 2036-4989, 11(1), 6-16.

Braidotti, R. 2006. Transpositions: On Nomadic Ethics. Polity Press, Cambridge.

Chasanah, U. & R. Mardikaningsih. 2023. Optimizing Employee Performance: The Role of Human Resource Management, Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 3(1), 1-12.

Chithra, J. L. 2021. The Paradox of Being Human and More Than Human: Exploring the Class Struggle in Nancy Kress’ Beggars in Spain. Psychology and Education Journal, 58(1), 4485-44487.

Coeckelbergh, M. 2009. Distributive Justice and Human Enhancement. Science and Engineering Ethics, 15(2), 173–181.

Cohen, T., C. Colebrook, & J. Miller Hillis. 2016. Twilight of the Anthropocene Idols. Open Humanities Press, London.

Courpasson, D., & V. Monties. 2017. “I Am My Body”. Physical Selves of Police Officers in a Changing Institution. Journal of Management Studies, 54(1), 32-57.

Darmawan, D. 2025. Human Capital Development in Knowledge-Based Organizations for Innovation and Continuous Learning, International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 7(1), 1–4.

da Silva, B. dos S., D. Darmawan, & B. Gardi. 2022. A Systematic Approach to Risk Management to Enhance Information Technology Project Success in a Dynamic Business Environment, Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 213 – 218.

Drozdova, A. V., & E. V. Vlasova. 2019. The Transformation of the Body in Today’s Media Culture. Wellbeing and Security in the Face of Social Transformations, 9(1), 272-279.

Fariz, F. A. B. M., & F. Issalillah. 2021. Narrowing the Economic Gap: The Impact of Technological Innovation on Access and Welfare of the Poor, Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(1), 111 – 116.

Franklin, S. 2007. Dolly Mixtures: The Remaking of Genealogy. Durham, Duke University Press, North Carolina, USA.

Fukuyama, F. 2002. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York.

Gangwar, N. 2020. Education Divide at Work. In Management Practices for Engaging a Diverse Workforce (pp. 107-130). Apple Academic Press, Florida.

Gani, A. 2022. Technology, Social Fragmentation and Polarization in Building Inclusive and Effective Social Networks in Communities, Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 21

Gaspar, R., P. Rohde, & J. C. Giger. 2019. Unconventional Settings and Uses of Human Enhancement Technologies: A Non‐Systematic Review of Public and Experts' Views on Self‐Enhancement and DIY Biology/Biohacking Risks. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1(4), 295-305.

Gladden, M. E. 2019. Who Will Be the Members of Society 5.0? Towards an Anthropology of Technologically Posthumanized Future Societies. Social Sciences, 8(5), 1-39.

Gomel, E. 2011. Science (Fiction) and Posthuman Ethics: Redefining the Human. The European Legacy, 16(3), 339-354.

Haddow, G., C. Åsberg, & F. Timeto. 2023. Cyborg Figurations: Exploring the Intersections of Technology, Embodiment, Identity, and Ecology. Tecnoscienza, 14(1), 123-154.

Halizah, S. N. & R. Mardikaningsih. 2022. Accommodating Social Change in Sustainability Policy: Solutions for a Just and Relevant Society, Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 299 – 304.

Haraway, D. 1991. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. Routledge, New York.

Haraway, D. J. 2003. The Companion Species Manifesto: Dogs, People, and Significant Otherness. Prickly Paradigm Press, Chicago.

Hariani, M., R. Mardikaningsih, & N. E. Essa. 2022. HR and Environmental Policy Management Strategies to Create a Sustainable Organization that Improves Company Performance, Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 249 – 254.

Harwood, M., G. Hizi, M. Jackson, M. Kavesh, G. Orsini, N. Rapport, & J. Timmer. 2023. Self-Alteration: How People Change Themselves Across Cultures. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick.

Hayles, N. K. 2008. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Henry, B. 2014. Human Enhancement and the Post-Human; The Converging and Diverging Pathways of Human, Hybrid and Artificial Anthropoids. HUMANA. MENTE Journal of Philosophical Studies, 7(26), 59-77.

Hobson, T. & A. Roessing. 2022. Questioning the Politics of Human Enhancement Technologies. In Bioethics and the Posthumanities (pp. 53-66). Routledge, London.

Hogle, L. F. 2005. Enhancement Technologies and the Body. Annu. Rev. Anthropol, 34(1), 695-716.

Homewood, S. 2018. Designing for the Changing Body: A Feminist Exploration of Self-Tracking Technologies. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-4). ACM, Canada.

Ihde, D. 2002. Bodies in Technology. University of Minnesota Press, Minnesota.

Irfan, M. & M. Hariani. 2023. Implementation of Human Resource Audit on Recruitment System. Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 4(1), 1-8.

Jansen, J. & M. Wehrle. 2018. The Normal Body: Female Bodies in Changing Contexts of Normalization and Optimization. In New Feminist Perspectives on Embodiment (pp. 37-55). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Kadlecová, J. 2020. Body-Hacking: On the Relationship Between People and Material Entities in the Practice of Technological Body Modifications. Historická Sociologie, 12(1), 49-63.

Lewis, S. & M. Thomson. 2019. Social Bodies and Social Justice. International Journal of Law in Context, 15(3), 344-361.

Loewenthal, D. 2017. Post Humanism, ‘E’ and Other Psychological Therapies. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 19(4), 339-342.

Lupton, D. 2015. Fabricated Data Bodies: Reflections on 3D Printed Digital Body Objects in Medical and Health Domains. Social Theory & Health, 13(1), 99-115.

Mardikaningsih, R. 2024. Organizational Effectiveness and Green Human Resources Management, Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 3(1), 6-13.

Mardikaningsih, R. & D. T. W. Wardoyo. 2024. The Role of Technology in Human Resource Development for Sustainability: A Literature Review on Digital Innovation, Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 3(3), 20-26.

Masur, P. K. 2020. How Online Privacy Literacy Supports Self-Data Protection and Self-Determination in the Age of Information. Media and Communication, 8(2), 258-269.

McMillan, C. T. 2020. Altered Bodies, Changing Identities, Shifting Power: Trans/Posthumanism and the Reproduction of Humanity in Film and Video Game Fandom. Doctoral dissertation. University of Leicester.

Mulligan, D. K., J. A. Kroll, N. Kohli, & R. Y. Wong. 2019. This Thing Called Fairness: Disciplinary Confusion Realizing a Value in Technology. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 3(CSCW), 1-36.

Nabben, K. 2021. Imagining Human-Machine Futures: Blockchain-Based 'Decentralized Autonomous Organizations'. Philosophies, 2(4), 1-18.

Neuman, W. L. 2006. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.

Oluwatoyin, F. 2021. The Dynamics of Social Interaction in the Digital Age: Technological Implications for Interpersonal Relationships and Psychosocial Well-Being, Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(2), 137 – 142.

Oluwatoyin, F. & R. Mardikaningsih. 2024. Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainability of Human Resource Development in Industry 4.0, Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 3(2), 9-16.

Ourahmoune, N. 2017. Embodied Transformations and Food Restrictions: The Case of Medicalized Obesity. Journal of Business Research, 75(2016), 192-201.

Pasmore, W., S. Winby, S. A. Mohrman, & R. Vanasse. 2019. Reflections: Sociotechnical Systems Design and Organization Change. Journal of Change Management, 19(2), 67-85.

Petersén, M. 2023. Body Descriptions in Biohacking and Their Overlaps and Origins. DigitCult-Scientific Journal on Digital Cultures, 8(1), 7-24.

Rabb, C. 2023. Navigating Identity, Belonging, and Purpose in a Society in Flux. Pace L. Rev., 44(1), 1-22.

Radjawane, L. E. & R. Mardikaningsih. 2022. Building Ethical and Fair Technology: Approaches to Responsible Technology Development and Application, Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(1), 189 – 194.

Ramle, N. L. B., & R. Mardikaningsih. 2022. Inclusivity in Technology-Based Services: Access and Skills Challenges, Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 225 – 230.

Rojak, J. A. 2024. Government Policy in Improving Human Resource Competencies Based on Digital Technology, Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 3(2), 1-8.

Rose, G. 2017. Posthuman Agency in the Digitally Mediated City: Exteriorization, Individuation, Reinvention. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 107(4), 779-793.

Rose, N. 2007. The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine, Power, and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First Century. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, USA.

Sadowski, J. 2010. The Political Economy of Human Enhancement. Technology in Society, 32(3), 236–243.

Sands, D. 2022. Bioethics and the Posthumanities (pp. 1-11). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, England.

Siegel, J. E., D. C. Erb, & S. E. Sarma. 2017. A Survey of the Connected Vehicle Landscape—Architectures, Enabling Technologies, Applications, and Development Areas. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 19(8), 2391-2406.

Sloterdijk, P. 2009. You Must Change Your Life. Polity Press, Cambridge.

Suchman, L. 2020. Agencies in Technology Design: Feminist Reconfigurations. In Machine Ethics and Robot Ethics (pp. 361-375). Routledge, UK.

Tomašovičová, J. 2022. From Therapy to Technological Enhancement: A Socio-Ethical Perspective. Social Communication, 23(1), 92-103.

Tyfield, D., R. Lave, S. Randalls, & C. Thorpe. 2017. The Routledge Handbook of the Political Economy of Science (pp. 21-31). Routledge, London.

Vogiatzaki, E. & A. Krukowski. 2016. The Significance of a Body in Contemporary Arts. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Creative Technologies, 3(6), 1-6.

Welsh, J. 2020. Subjectivising Academics: The Ranking Apparatus, Social Transformation, and a 'Crisis of Subjectivity'. Subjectivity, 13(3), 153-178.

Wolfe, C. 2010. What Is Posthumanism?. University of Minnesota Press, Minnesota.

Xu, W., P. C. Su, & S. C. S. Cheung. 2019. Human Body Reshaping and Its Application Using Multiple RGB-D Sensors. Signal Processing: Image Communication, 79(2019), 71-81.

Zanc, I., & I. Lupu. 2007. Posthumanism and Bioethics. Revista Romana de Bioetica, 5(1).

Zettler, P. J., C. J. Guerrini, & J. S. Sherkow. 2019. Regulating Genetic Biohacking. Science (New York, N.Y.), 365(6448), 34–36.

Downloads

Published

2025-05-30

How to Cite

Abror, S., Khayru, R. K., Chasanah, U., & Issalillah, F. (2025). Technological Embodiment and the Fragmentation of Social Identity in the Era of Human Enhancement. Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 4(1), 19–26. Retrieved from https://inti.ejournalmeta.com/index.php/inti/article/view/100

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >> 

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.